TL;DR
20.4% weight loss in Phase 3. Novo's combo to beat tirzepatide.
What is it? Novo Nordisk's once-weekly subcutaneous fixed-dose combo of cagrilintide (amylin analog, 2.4 mg) and semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist, 2.4 mg) in a single injection.
What does it do? Hits two appetite circuits: semaglutide engages hypothalamic and brainstem GLP-1 receptors; cagrilintide engages amylin/calcitonin receptors in the area postrema. Together they cut appetite and slow gastric emptying more than either alone.
Does the evidence hold up? REDEFINE-1 (NEJM 2025, 3,417 non-diabetic adults) cut weight 20.4% at 68 weeks vs 3.0% placebo. REDEFINE-2 (1,206 T2D adults) cut 13.7% vs 3.4%. Both published June 2025.
Who uses it? Under FDA review. Not yet approved. Gray-market combinations of separate cagrilintide and semaglutide vials already exist, usually at lower doses than the Phase 3 formulation.
Bottom line? Novo's answer to Zepbound. The REDEFINE trials already beat semaglutide alone. Approval is the missing piece.
What It Is
CagriSema is an investigational fixed-dose once-weekly subcutaneous combination anti-obesity drug developed by Novo Nordisk, pairing two peptides in a single injection: cagrilintide 2.4 mg (a long-acting lipidated analog of the pancreatic hormone amylin, code AM833 / NN9838) and semaglutide 2.4 mg (a GLP-1 receptor agonist already approved and marketed under the brand names Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus). The "CagriSema" portmanteau refers to this fixed-dose pairing — the two components are separately well-characterized peptides being jointly advanced for obesity as a single commercial product.
The rationale for combining the two is mechanistic. Native amylin and GLP-1 are both meal-related satiety hormones, but they act at different receptors expressed on different populations of CNS neurons. GLP-1 receptors are densely expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and the area postrema. Amylin receptors (calcitonin-receptor + RAMP complexes forming AMY1R, AMY2R, AMY3R) are most densely expressed in the area postrema and the NTS, with distinct downstream circuits. Because the two signaling systems converge on appetite regulation through substantially non-overlapping wiring, combining them offered the possibility of additive — not merely incremental — weight loss.
Phase 1b data (Enebo 2021) confirmed the hypothesis in short-term dosing. The REDEFINE Phase 3 program scaled the trial into pivotal non-diabetic obesity (REDEFINE 1) and obesity + type 2 diabetes (REDEFINE 2) populations. The headline REDEFINE 1 result — 20.4% mean weight loss at 68 weeks in 3,417 non-diabetic adults — was published in NEJM in June 2025 and places CagriSema roughly at parity with tirzepatide (SURMOUNT-1, −20.9%). REDEFINE 2 in T2D produced a smaller but still clinically meaningful 13.7% weight loss plus HbA1c improvement.
As of April 2026, CagriSema is under FDA review. A cardiovascular outcomes trial (REDEFINE-CVOT) is underway but not required for the primary approval pathway. If approved, CagriSema would be the first fixed-dose amylin + GLP-1 combination product — the leading second-market-entry to the dual-agonist / combination obesity drug landscape established by tirzepatide. Its commercial positioning would target the upper-tier of obesity magnitude, competing directly with tirzepatide on weight loss and with retatrutide (once that triple-agonist matures through its own Phase 3 program).
Mechanism of Action
CagriSema's mechanism is the additive combination of two well-characterized parent mechanisms. Neither component is novel in isolation; the combination's novelty is the additivity demonstrated across Phase 1b / Phase 2 / Phase 3 readouts.
- Semaglutide — GLP-1 receptor agonism — Binds GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic β-cells (glucose-dependent insulin secretion), hypothalamic POMC/AgRP neurons (appetite), gastric smooth muscle (delayed gastric emptying), and vascular endothelium. Half-life ~7 days via C18 diacid lipidation for once-weekly dosing.
- Cagrilintide — amylin / calcitonin receptor agonism — Binds amylin receptor complexes (AMY1R, AMY2R, AMY3R) and the calcitonin receptor (CTR) in the area postrema and NTS. Drives central satiety, slows gastric emptying (additively with GLP-1), and reduces glucagon secretion. Half-life ~160–180 hours via C20 diacid lipidation.
- Additive CNS satiety — GLP-1 and amylin activate largely non-overlapping neuronal populations in the appetite-regulating brainstem and hypothalamus. Combined activation produces greater suppression of meal size and meal frequency than either pathway alone. This is the proof-of-concept that REDEFINE 1's −20.4% weight-loss magnitude was designed to test, and confirm.
- Additive gastric-emptying delay — Both components independently slow gastric emptying. Combined, the effect is greater and more sustained, contributing to early satiety and prolonged fullness during the first half of a meal.
- Glucagon suppression — Amylin suppresses post-prandial glucagon; GLP-1 suppresses glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner. Together they produce more complete post-prandial glucagon modulation, contributing to glycemic benefit in T2D.
- β-cell effects — Semaglutide-driven glucose-dependent insulin secretion remains the primary glycemic lever; cagrilintide's contribution is indirect (via glucagon suppression and weight loss).
- CNS food-reward modulation — GLP-1 agonism is increasingly understood to alter food-reward and addictive-substance-related circuits in the brain. Whether the amylin component adds to this effect independently is under active investigation.
- Single once-weekly injection — Fixed-dose combination eliminates the need for two separate injections, improving adherence relative to DIY "concurrent cagrilintide + semaglutide" protocols.
- Shared pharmacokinetic profile — Both components' lipidation-mediated albumin binding gives comparable once-weekly kinetics, making a fixed-dose formulation pharmacokinetically coherent.
What the Research Shows
CagriSema has one of the largest Phase 3 datasets of any obesity combination product, with two pivotal trials plus a cardiovascular outcomes trial underway.
- Phase 1b proof-of-concept (Enebo Lancet 2021, PMID 33894838) — 96 randomized adults; cagrilintide (0.16–4.5 mg) + semaglutide 2.4 mg for 20 weeks. Weight loss: cagrilintide 1.2 mg + sema = −15.7%; cagrilintide 2.4 mg + sema = −17.1%; placebo + sema = −9.8%. Clinically confirmed additive effect.
- Phase 2 CagriSema in T2D (Frias Lancet 2023) — Multicentre Phase 2 active-controlled trial in T2D. Cagrilintide 2.4 mg + semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly showed superior weight loss and HbA1c effects vs semaglutide alone.
- REDEFINE 1 Phase 3 (Garvey et al., NEJM 2025) — 3,417 adults without diabetes, BMI ≥30 or ≥27 with weight-related comorbidity. 68 weeks. CagriSema: −20.4% weight loss vs −3.0% placebo. ~60% achieved ≥20% weight loss; ~23% achieved ≥30% weight loss. GI adverse events ~80% vs ~40%, mostly mild-moderate in titration phase.
- REDEFINE 2 Phase 3 (Davies et al., NEJM 2025; PMID 40544432) — 1,206 adults with T2D + BMI ≥27 + HbA1c 7–10%. 68 weeks. CagriSema: −13.7% weight loss vs −3.4% placebo; HbA1c reduction confirmed.
- REDEFINE-CVOT (ongoing) — Cardiovascular outcomes trial for longer-term safety and MACE endpoints; results pending.
- Competitor benchmarks — Tirzepatide SURMOUNT-1 (−20.9% at 72 weeks non-DM), Semaglutide STEP-1 (−14.9% at 68 weeks non-DM), Retatrutide Phase 2 (−24.2% at 48 weeks) and TRIUMPH-4 Phase 3 (larger magnitude). CagriSema sits at tirzepatide-parity on magnitude in non-DM obesity, exceeding semaglutide alone, below retatrutide in Phase 2/3 data.
- Amycretin successor program — Novo Nordisk's unimolecular GLP-1 + amylin single-peptide successor (Amycretin Lancet 2025) represents the strategic next step beyond CagriSema.
Honest Evidence Framing
CagriSema's Phase 3 program is well-powered and convincingly positive. The most important caveats are: (1) long-term safety beyond ~2 years remains to be demonstrated (REDEFINE-CVOT will address this); (2) durability of weight loss after discontinuation is expected to follow the class pattern — rapid partial regain, consistent with STEP-4 semaglutide data; (3) GI adverse events were common (~80%) and are the rate-limiting tolerability factor during titration; (4) the head-to-head data against tirzepatide does not yet exist, and head-to-head against retatrutide won't exist for years.
Human Data
CagriSema's human dataset is extensive and focused on the combination formulation specifically:
- Phase 1 / 1b — PK/PD, tolerability, additivity proof-of-concept (Enebo 2021).
- Phase 2 (T2D) — Frias Lancet 2023 active-controlled trial.
- REDEFINE 1 — 3,417 non-diabetic adults; pivotal Phase 3 (NCT05567796).
- REDEFINE 2 — 1,206 T2D adults; pivotal Phase 3 (NCT05394519; PMID 40544432).
- REDEFINE-CVOT — Ongoing cardiovascular outcomes trial.
- REDEFINE 3 and beyond — Additional REDEFINE program trials covering pediatric obesity, NASH-adjacent populations, and other comorbidities are in planning or underway.
- Pooled Phase 3 safety — Combined dataset across REDEFINE 1 and 2 exceeds 4,600 adults treated for up to 68 weeks; no novel safety signals emerged beyond the expected GI profile shared by the component drugs.
- Component track record — Both components are separately well-studied: semaglutide has multi-year Phase 3 / real-world data in over one million patients (STEP, SUSTAIN, SELECT, PIONEER, etc.); cagrilintide has completed Phase 2/3 as a solo and combination agent. The combination's safety inherits that track record.
Dosing from the Literature
CagriSema dosing is defined by the Phase 3 program: both components escalated in parallel to 2.4 mg each, once weekly.
| Protocol | Dose | Frequency | Notes |
|---|
| REDEFINE target dose | Cagrilintide 2.4 mg + semaglutide 2.4 mg | Once weekly SubQ | Single injection (fixed-dose) or paired separate injections in DIY combination. |
| Titration (REDEFINE protocol) | 0.25 → 0.5 → 1.0 → 1.7 → 2.4 mg (each component) | Weekly escalation over 16 weeks | Parallel titration of both components; GI tolerability is rate-limiting. |
| Monotherapy baseline (for reference) | Semaglutide 2.4 mg alone | Once weekly SubQ | Benchmark comparator in Phase 3 programs. |
| DIY concurrent dosing (gray-market) | Two separate weekly injections matching fixed-dose target | Weekly, same day | Used by early adopters ahead of fixed-dose approval; not equivalent to an approved combination product. |
| Cycle | Continuous maintenance | — | Not intended for intermittent use; weight regain expected on discontinuation. |
Dosing Disclaimer
CagriSema is investigational. There is no FDA-approved human dose. The 2.4 mg + 2.4 mg target is from the Phase 3 program. Compressing titration dramatically worsens GI tolerability without improving the final endpoint. Self-administration of research-grade components is regulated in most jurisdictions. Consult a licensed clinician.
Reconstitution & Storage
The approved commercial CagriSema (once FDA-approved) is expected to be delivered as a pre-filled autoinjector similar to Wegovy or Ozempic. Research-chemical versions of the separate components are supplied as lyophilized powders that require reconstitution.
| Component | Vial / BAC | Concentration | 2.4 mg Dose Volume |
|---|
| Cagrilintide 5 mg | 2 mL BAC | 2.5 mg/mL | 0.96 mL (~96 units) |
| Cagrilintide 10 mg | 2 mL BAC | 5 mg/mL | 0.48 mL (~48 units) |
| Semaglutide 5 mg | 2 mL BAC | 2.5 mg/mL | 0.96 mL (~96 units) |
| Semaglutide 10 mg | 2 mL BAC | 5 mg/mL | 0.48 mL (~48 units) |
- Reconstitution — Each component reconstituted separately. Inject BAC water down vial wall at 45°; swirl gently, do not shake. Clear colorless solution.
- Storage — Unreconstituted: 2–8°C. Reconstituted: 2–8°C, use within 21–28 days. Do not freeze.
- Injection — SubQ abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. DIY protocol can either alternate sites for the two components or inject into the same site area.
- Timing — Once weekly, same day each week.
- Amylin-specific caution — Cagrilintide is more sensitive to fibril formation than many peptides. Strict refrigeration and careful handling matter more than for simple peptides.
- Inspection — Discard if cloudy, has particulates, or shows aggregation.
→ Use the Kalios Dosing Calculator for component volumes
Side Effects & Risks
Important
CagriSema combines two hormonal peptides. Expect GLP-1-class GI effects, a potential gallbladder and pancreatitis signal, and gastroparesis risk. Talk to someone licensed before mimicking any trial dose on gray-market vials.
CagriSema's safety profile inherits from both parent components; the Phase 3 program demonstrates the combined profile.
- Nausea — Most common (~40–50% of Phase 3 recipients); dose-dependent, concentrated in titration. Typically mild-moderate.
- Vomiting — Dose-dependent; most common during titration.
- Diarrhea / constipation — Both common; alternate in some users.
- Abdominal pain — Usually mild; persistent severe abdominal pain warrants pancreatitis workup.
- Injection site reactions — Mild; self-limited.
- Gallbladder disease — Rapid weight loss increases cholelithiasis / cholecystitis risk — a class effect.
- Pancreatitis — Rare but documented in the GLP-1 / incretin class.
- Hypoglycemia risk — Low as monotherapy; higher in T2D patients on insulin or sulfonylurea in combination.
- Heart rate increase — Modest; consistent with the incretin class.
- Thyroid C-cell / medullary thyroid boxed warning — Inherited from the semaglutide component. Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or MEN-2 contraindicates semaglutide and CagriSema.
- Diabetic retinopathy — Rapid improvement in glycemic control with GLP-1 agonists has been associated with transient worsening of retinopathy in patients with pre-existing disease; monitor.
- Lean-mass loss — Rapid weight loss includes lean mass; adequate protein intake and resistance training are essential.
- Pregnancy / lactation — Avoid; discontinue in advance of planned pregnancy given the ~7+ day half-lives.
- Drug interactions — Delayed gastric emptying alters absorption of narrow-therapeutic-index oral drugs (warfarin, levothyroxine, some anticonvulsants). Insulin and sulfonylurea doses require active adjustment in T2D.
- WADA status — Not specifically named on the 2026 WADA Prohibited List. Athletes should consult federation.
- Discontinuation pattern — Expected weight regain on cessation; consider long-term maintenance strategy before starting.
Quick Compare — CagriSema vs Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide vs Retatrutide
CagriSema enters a competitive late-stage obesity-drug landscape with several near-term and mid-term rivals. The key comparators are tirzepatide (approved dual GIP/GLP-1), semaglutide (approved GLP-1, one of the components of CagriSema), and retatrutide (investigational triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist).
| Feature | CagriSema | Tirzepatide | Semaglutide | Retatrutide |
|---|
| Class | Amylin + GLP-1 | GIP + GLP-1 | GLP-1 | GIP + GLP-1 + glucagon |
| Route / cadence | SubQ weekly | SubQ weekly | SubQ weekly / oral daily | SubQ weekly |
| Pivotal weight loss (non-DM) | −20.4% @ 68 wk (REDEFINE 1) | −20.9% @ 72 wk (SURMOUNT-1) | −14.9% @ 68 wk (STEP-1) | −24.2% @ 48 wk (Phase 2) |
| Pivotal weight loss (T2D) | −13.7% @ 68 wk (REDEFINE 2) | SURPASS data | SUSTAIN data | TRIUMPH program |
| Approval status | Under FDA review | Approved (Zepbound / Mounjaro) | Approved (Wegovy / Ozempic / Rybelsus) | Phase 3 ongoing |
| CV outcomes | REDEFINE-CVOT ongoing | SURPASS-CVOT ongoing | SELECT positive (20% MACE reduction) | TRIUMPH program |
| Oral option | None expected | None | Rybelsus (oral semaglutide) | None currently |
| Once-monthly option | None | None | None approved | None |
| Unique feature | First amylin + GLP-1 combo | GIPR component blunts nausea, increases adipose sensitivity | Longest approved CV outcomes record | GCGR component drives liver-fat and energy-expenditure |
Practical interpretation:
- CagriSema vs tirzepatide — Approximately equal weight-loss magnitude in non-diabetic obesity (20.4% vs 20.9%). Different receptor mechanisms; choice may come down to tolerability, formulary, and clinician familiarity. Tirzepatide is approved now; CagriSema is pending.
- CagriSema vs semaglutide — CagriSema materially exceeds semaglutide alone in weight loss at the cost of a different safety profile and (for now) investigational status.
- CagriSema vs retatrutide — Retatrutide's Phase 2 weight-loss numerically exceeds CagriSema, but retatrutide's full Phase 3 program matures later. CagriSema approval is expected earlier.
- Commercial positioning — Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly dominate the obesity-drug landscape; CagriSema keeps Novo competitive with Lilly's tirzepatide and forthcoming retatrutide. The amycretin unimolecular successor is Novo's next step.
- Who should wait for CagriSema — Patients wanting maximum weight loss on an approved once-weekly drug; patients who have not adequately responded to semaglutide; T2D + obesity.
- Who should not wait — Anyone with urgent obesity-related morbidity; approved tirzepatide provides comparable weight-loss magnitude now.
→ See Cagrilintide profile • → See Semaglutide profile • → See Tirzepatide profile • → See Retatrutide profile
Bloodwork & Monitoring
- Baseline CMP — ALT/AST, glucose, creatinine; repeat at 4, 12, 24, 48 weeks.
- HbA1c — Every 3 months if T2D or prediabetic.
- Fasting lipid panel — Baseline and 24/48 weeks.
- Amylase / lipase — Baseline; repeat if new abdominal pain.
- Weight and body composition — Weekly weight; DEXA every 3–6 months if muscle-preservation matters.
- Thyroid — Family-history-based; not routine unless clinically indicated.
- Gallbladder imaging — If new RUQ symptoms.
- Hydration / electrolytes — BUN/creatinine, sodium during titration (GI fluid loss drains electrolytes).
- Retinopathy screening — Baseline in T2D; follow-up if glycemic control changes rapidly.
- Pregnancy counseling — Document pre-treatment contraception plan.
Commonly Stacked With
The two components of CagriSema. The fixed-dose combination is the approved-pathway version; DIY concurrent dosing of the separate components is the gray-market equivalent ahead of approval.
Added for lean-mass preservation during rapid weight loss (FDA-approved for HIV lipodystrophy; mechanism-independent from the incretin axis). Practitioner-level stacking for body-composition-focused protocols.
GH-axis support during rapid weight loss. Not clinically validated in combination; commonly layered in practitioner protocols.
GI mucosal protection during high-GI-burden incretin therapy. Mechanistically complementary; not clinically validated.
Protein + creatine + resistance training
The non-peptide adjuncts with the highest leverage for lean-mass preservation during rapid caloric deficit.
→ Check compound compatibility in the Stack Builder
Regulatory Status
Current Status — April 2026
CagriSema is under FDA review following Phase 3 readouts from REDEFINE 1 (non-diabetic obesity, NCT05567796) and REDEFINE 2 (obesity + T2D, NCT05394519), published simultaneously in the New England Journal of Medicine in June 2025. Regulatory decision is anticipated within 1–2 years.
Novo Nordisk has signaled intent to pursue U.S. and EU approval on the weight-management indication first, with T2D potentially following. A cardiovascular outcomes trial (REDEFINE-CVOT) is ongoing but is not gating the primary weight-management approval pathway.
CagriSema is not on the FDA Category 2 Bulk Drug Substances list. Once approved, compounded CagriSema will face the same 503A/503B enforcement posture as compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide — compounding from bulk is disfavored when an approved drug exists.
CagriSema is not specifically listed on the WADA Prohibited List, though athletes should consult their sport-specific federation given S4 (hormone and metabolic modulators) umbrella considerations.
Semaglutide (component) is FDA-approved; cagrilintide (component) is investigational. The fixed-dose combination is not yet approved in any market as of April 2026.
Cost & Access
CagriSema is not approved for human use. It is available only as a pairing of research-grade cagrilintide + research-grade or compounded semaglutide, purchased separately from research suppliers for laboratory research purposes. No U.S. compounding pharmacy can legally compound cagrilintide — it has no FDA-approved reference product.
Community DIY combination protocols involve reconstituting separate cagrilintide and semaglutide vials and injecting them either as two separate injections or as one combined draw on the same day. This is not equivalent to the approved CagriSema product: dose accuracy depends on research-vendor potency, and the mass and per-mg per-volume details must be calculated separately.
Once FDA-approved, commercial CagriSema is expected to be priced within the modern obesity drug range and covered by the same payer patchwork as Wegovy / Zepbound — with patient-assistance programs, employer-sponsored coverage, and cash-pay options varying widely. Medicare coverage of obesity drugs remains limited as of April 2026.
CagriSema is not among the peptides under HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s February 2026 Category 2 reclassification announcement. Its regulatory pathway is standard FDA approval, not compounding reclassification.
Access and availability information as of April 2026. Kalios does not sell compounds.
Related Compounds
People researching CagriSema often also look at these:
Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist (Mounjaro / Zepbound). Superior weight-loss and glycemic efficacy vs semaglutide.
Selective long-acting amylin-receptor agonist in Phase II for obesity.
Triple GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon agonist. The most potent obesity drug in Phase III, ~24% body weight reduction.
Synthetic amylin analogue (Symlin). Post-prandial glucose and satiety modulator.
Key References
- Garvey WT, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, et al. Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (REDEFINE 1). N Engl J Med. 2025. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502081.
- Davies MJ, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, et al. Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (REDEFINE 2). N Engl J Med. 2025. PMID: 40544432. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502082.
- Enebo LB, Berthelsen KK, Kankam M, et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10286):1736-1748. PMID: 33894838.
- Frias JP, Deenadayalan S, Erichsen L, et al. Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10403):720-730.
- Lau DCW, Erichsen L, Francisco AM, et al. Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2021;398(10317):2160-2172.
- Kruse T, Dahl K, Frigeri P, et al. AM833 Is a Novel Agonist of Calcitonin Family G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Endocrinology. 2021;162(6):bqab057. PMID: 33727283.
- Kruse T, Hansen JL, Dahl K, et al. Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue. J Med Chem. 2021;64(15):11183-11194.
- Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP-1). N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002. PMID: 33567185. (Semaglutide-alone comparator.)
- Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. PMID: 35658024. (Competing dual-agonist.)
- Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. PMID: 37366315. (Competing triple-agonist.)
- Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT). N Engl J Med. 2023;389(24):2221-2232. PMID: 37952131. (Semaglutide CV benchmark.)
- Hay DL, Garelja ML, Poyner DR, Walker CS. Update on the pharmacology of calcitonin/CGRP family of peptides: IUPHAR Review 25. Br J Pharmacol. 2018;175(1):3-17. PMID: 29059473.
- Novo Nordisk. REDEFINE 1 press release and investor presentation, June 2025.
- ClinicalTrials.gov. REDEFINE 1: NCT05567796. REDEFINE 2: NCT05394519. REDEFINE-CVOT: Novo Nordisk cardiovascular outcomes trial.
- Amycretin (NNC0487-0111), a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2025. (Successor single-molecule program.)
Last updated: April 2026 | Profile authored by Kalios Peptides research team