Pair page
GHK-Cu with Vialox
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for GHK-Cu and Vialox, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
connective-tissuecopper-tripeptide-skin
cosmetic-neuromuscular-inhibitor
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying GHK-Cu and Vialox have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
The most extensively studied carrier peptide, with demonstrated effects on collagen synthesis, antioxidant defense, and gene-expression modulation in skin (Pickart 2015, PMID 26050778). Mechanism is again distinct from Vialox; combination is conceptually a multi-axis anti-aging strategy. GHK-Cu's blue tint may impose formulation constraints when combined with otherwise clear Vialox serums.
Quick facts
GHK-Cu
Vialox
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | GHK-Cu | Buffoni F, Pino R, Dal Pozzo A. Effect of tripeptide-copper complexes on the process of healing of cutaneous wounds in mice. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1995;330(3):345-360. PMID: 9060874. PMID 9060874 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 1993 | GHK-Cu | Maquart FX, Bellon G, Chaqour B, Wegrowski J, Patt LM, Trachy RE, et al. In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ in rat experimental wounds. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(5):2368-2376. PMID: 8227353. PMID 8227353 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2011 | GHK-Cu | Hostynek JJ, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer. Inflamm Res. 2011;60(1):79-86. PMID: 20835751. PMID 20835751 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2007 | GHK-Cu | Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, Eun HC, Cho KH, Kim KH. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res. 2007;30(7):834-839. PMID: 17702486. PMID 17702486 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 1988 | GHK-Cu | Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺. FEBS Lett. 1988;238(2):343-346. PMID: 3169264. PMID 3169264 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2017 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sci. 2017;7(2):20. PMID: 28212278. PMID 28212278 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2012 | GHK-Cu | Campbell JD, McDonough JE, Zeskind JE, Hackett TL, Pechkovsky DV, Brandsma CA, et al. A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. Genome Med. 2012;4(8):67. PMID: 22937864. PMID 22937864 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1973 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Thaler MM. Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver. Nat New Biol. 1973;243(124):85-87. PMID: 4351857. (Original discovery publication.) PMID 4351857 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2026 | GHK-Cu | WADA Prohibited List 2026. World Anti-Doping Agency. wada-ama.org. | regulatory / registry |
| 2025 | GHK-Cu | FDA. Bulk Drug Substances That Raise Significant Safety Risks (Category 2) Under Section 503A / 503B. FDA.gov. Updated 2025-2026. | regulatory / registry |
| 2018 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. PMID: 29986520. doi:10.3390/ijms19071987. (Comprehensive modern review.) PMID 29986520 | research article |
| 2015 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. PMID: 26236730. PMID 26236730 | research article |
| 2025 | Vialox | Mlosek RK, Migda B, Skrzypek E, Słoboda K, Migda M. Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 in Cosmeceuticals — A Review of Skin Permeability and Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci. 2025. PMID: 40565185. (2025 systematic review of permeability and efficacy for the closest mechanistic neighbor to Vialox.) PMID 40565185 | systematic review |
| 2013 | Vialox | Wang Y, Wang M, Xiao S, Pan P, Li P, Huo J. The anti-wrinkle efficacy of argireline, a synthetic hexapeptide, in Chinese subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14(2):147-153. doi:10.1007/s40257-013-0009-9. PMID: 23417317. (Randomized placebo-c… PMID 23417317 | human trial |
| 1995 | Vialox | Tsai MC, Hsieh WH, Smith LA, Lee CY. Effects of waglerin-I on neuromuscular transmission of mouse nerve-muscle preparations. Toxicon. 1995;33(3):363-371. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)00158-5. PMID: 7638875. (Functional characterization of waglerin-I at the muscle-type nAChR — direct… PMID 7638875 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 1992 | Vialox | Aiken SP, Sellin LC, Schmidt JJ, Weinstein SA, McArdle JJ. A novel peptide toxin from Trimeresurus wagleri acts pre- and post-synaptically to block transmission at the rat neuromuscular junction. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1992;70(5 Pt 1):339-343. PMID: 1359525. (Mechanism characterizat… PMID 1359525 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2017 | Vialox | Tan CH, Tan KY, Yap MK, Tan NH. Venomics of Tropidolaemus wagleri, the sexually dimorphic temple pit viper: Unveiling a deeply conserved atypical toxin arsenal. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43237. doi:10.1038/srep43237. (Modern venomics characterization of the temple pit viper venom containi… | mechanism / discovery |
| 1992 | Vialox | Schmidt JJ, Weinstein SA, Smith LA. Molecular properties and structure-function relationships of lethal peptides from venom of Wagler's pit viper, Trimeresurus wagleri. Toxicon. 1992;30(9):1027-1036. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90048-a. PMID: 1440639. (Structure-function characteri… PMID 1440639 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1991 | Vialox | Weinstein SA, Schmidt JJ, Bernheimer AW, Smith LA. Characterization and amino acid sequences of two lethal peptides isolated from venom of Wagler's pit viper, Trimeresurus wagleri. Toxicon. 1991;29(2):227-236. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90107-3. (Original characterization of the w… | mechanism / discovery |
| 2017 | Vialox | Pai VV, Bhandari P, Shukla P. Topical peptides as cosmeceuticals. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2017;83(1):9-18. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.186500. PMID: 27451932. (2017 review of cosmetic peptides including discussion of neurotransmitter inhibitors and curare-mimetic peptides.) PMID 27451932 | review |
| 2017 | Vialox | Schagen SK. Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results. Cosmetics. 2017;4(2):16. doi:10.3390/cosmetics4020016. (MDPI Cosmetics review of the cosmetic-peptide landscape including Pentapeptide-3 / Vialox; not PubMed-indexed but widely cited.) | review |
| 2018 | Vialox | DSM Personal Care / Pentapharm. Pentapeptide-3 (Vialox PT) — Product Brochure. Basel, Switzerland: DSM; 2018 (and subsequent revisions). (Manufacturer brochure documenting Pentapharm in-house clinical evaluation methodology; the underlying source of the "49% wrinkle reduction" h… | industry documentation |
| 2017 | Vialox | Centerchem Inc. Vialox® Pentapeptide-3 — Technical Data Sheet. Norwalk, CT: Centerchem; 2017 (and subsequent technical bulletins). (Primary manufacturer technical literature describing in-vitro and in-vivo claims; cited here as the documented source of widely repeated wrinkle-re… | industry documentation |
| 2015 | Vialox | Hoppel M, Reznicek G, Kählig H, Kotisch H, Resch GP, Valenta C. Topical delivery of acetyl hexapeptide-8 from different emulsions: influence of emulsion composition and internal structure. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015;68:27-35. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.014. PMID: 25497319. (The most… PMID 25497319 | research article |
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Frequently asked
Have GHK-Cu and Vialox been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of GHK-Cu and Vialox. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do GHK-Cu and Vialox share?
GHK-Cu and Vialox do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of GHK-Cu and Vialox?
GHK-Cu: Cosmetic ingredient; Category 2 for injection. Vialox: Cosmetic ingredient (not a drug). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on GHK-Cu and Vialox?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the GHK-Cu profile and the Vialox profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026