Pair page
Methylene Blue with NAD+
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for Methylene Blue and NAD+, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
phenothiazine-dye-mitochondrial-electron-carrier
coenzymemitochondrial-longevity
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying Methylene Blue and NAD+ have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Methylene blue (electron shuttle bypass), NAD+ (universal coenzyme / substrate), and SS-31 (cardiolipin stabilization / ETC architecture) target mitochondrial function at three distinct layers. This is a common "mito-optimization" quaternary with minimal receptor competition; each supports the others without direct antagonism.
Quick facts
Methylene Blue
NAD+
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Methylene Blue | Gauthier S, Feldman HH, Schneider LS, Wilcock GK, Frisoni GB, Hardlund JH, Moebius HJ, Bentham P, Kook KA, Wischik DJ, Schelter BO, Davis CS, Staff RT, Bracoud L, Shamsi K, Storey JM, Harrington CR, Wischik CM. Efficacy and safety of tau-aggregation inhibitor therapy in patients… PMID 26806555 | human trial, Phase 3 |
| 2016 | Methylene Blue | Rodriguez P, Zhou W, Barrett DW, Altmeyer W, Gutierrez JE, Li J, Lancaster JL, Gonzalez-Lima F, Duong TQ. Multimodal randomized functional MR imaging of the effects of methylene blue in the human brain. Radiology. 2016;281(2):516-526. PMID: 27351678. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.20161528… PMID 27351678 | human trial |
| 2010 | Methylene Blue | Feldman HH, Doody RS, Kivipelto M, Sparks DL, Waters DD, Jones RW, Schwam E, Schindler R, Hey-Hadavi J, DeMicco DA, Breazna A; LEADe Investigators. Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe. Neurology. 2010;74(12):956-964. PMID: 202… PMID 20200346 | human trial |
| 2004 | Methylene Blue | Callaway NL, Riha PD, Bruchey AK, Munshi Z, Gonzalez-Lima F. Methylene blue improves brain oxidative metabolism and memory retention in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004;77(1):175-181. PMID: 14724055. PMID 14724055 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2000 | Methylene Blue | Peter C, Hongwan D, Küpfer A, Lauterburg BH. Pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of intravenous and oral methylene blue. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;56(3):247-250. PMID: 10952480. PMID 10952480 | pharmacology |
| 2000 | Methylene Blue | Pelgrims J, De Vos F, Van den Brande J, Schrijvers D, Prové A, Vermorken JB. Methylene blue in the treatment and prevention of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy: report of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Br J Cancer. 2000;82(2):291-294. PMID: 10646879. PMID 10646879 | review |
| 2016 | Methylene Blue | FDA. ProvayBlue (methylene blue) prescribing information. NDA 204630. Approved April 8, 2016. Provepharm. | regulatory / registry |
| 2018 | Methylene Blue | Gauthier S, Feldman HH, Schneider LS, Wilcock GK, Wischik CM. Rember® and LMTM in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(9):735-736. PMID: 30271090. PMID 30271090 | research article |
| 2012 | Methylene Blue | Rojas JC, Bruchey AK, Gonzalez-Lima F. Neurometabolic mechanisms for memory enhancement and neuroprotection of methylene blue. Prog Neurobiol. 2012;96(1):32-45. PMID: 22067440. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.007. PMID 22067440 | research article |
| 2011 | Methylene Blue | Oz M, Lorke DE, Hasan M, Petroianu GA. Cellular and molecular actions of methylene blue in the nervous system. Med Res Rev. 2011;31(1):93-117. PMID: 19760660. PMID 19760660 | research article |
| 2011 | Methylene Blue | Schirmer RH, Adler H, Pickhardt M, Mandelkow E. Lest we forget you — methylene blue... Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32(12):2325.e7-2325.e16. PMID: 21316815. PMID 21316815 | research article |
| 2008 | Methylene Blue | Atamna H, Nguyen A, Schultz C, Boyle K, Newberry J, Kato H, Ames BN. Methylene blue delays cellular senescence and enhances key mitochondrial biochemical pathways. FASEB J. 2008;22(3):703-712. PMID: 17942826. DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9610com. PMID 17942826 | research article |
| 2015 | NAD+ | Chen AC, Martin AJ, Choy B, Fernández-Peñas P, Dalziell RA, McKenzie CA, Scolyer RA, Dhillon HM, Vardy JL, Kricker A, St George G, Chinniah N, Halliday GM, Damian DL. A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(17):1618-1626… PMID 26488693 | human trial, Phase 3 |
| 2023 | NAD+ | Katayoshi T, Uehata S, Nakashima N, Nakajo T, Kitajima N, Kageyama M, Tsuji-Naito K. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep. 20… PMID 36797283 | human trial |
| 2018 | NAD+ | Dollerup OL, Christensen B, Svart M, Schmidt MS, Sulek K, Ringgaard S, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Møller N, Brenner C, Treebak JT, Jessen N. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effect… PMID 30084900 | human trial |
| 2017 | NAD+ | Airhart SE, Shireman LM, Risler LJ, Anderson GD, Nagana Gowda GA, Raftery D, Tian R, Shen DD, O'Brien KD. An open-label, non-randomized study of the pharmacokinetics of the nutritional supplement nicotinamide riboside (NR) and its effects on blood NAD+ levels in healthy voluntee… PMID 29211728 | human trial |
| 2022 | NAD+ | Brakedal B, Dölle C, Riemer F, Ma Y, Nido GS, Skeie GO, Craven AR, Schwarzlmüller T, Brekke N, Diab J, Sverkeli L, Skjeie V, Varhaug K, Tysnes OB, Peng S, Haugarvoll K, Ziegler M, Grüner R, Eidelberg D, Tzoulis C. The NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide rib… PMID 35537443 | human trial, Phase 1 |
| 2019 | NAD+ | Grant R, Berg J, Mestayer R, Braidy N, Bennett J, Broom S, Watson J. A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD+. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11:257. PMID: 31572171. PMID 31572171 | human pilot |
| 2018 | NAD+ | Martens CR, Denman BA, Mazzo MR, Armstrong ML, Reisdorph N, McQueen MB, Chonchol M, Seals DR. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1286. PMID: 29599478. PMID 29599478 | human study |
| 2023 | NAD+ | Vreones M, Mustapic M, Moaddel R, Pucha KA, Lovett J, Seals DR, Kapogiannis D, Martens CR. Oral nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ and lowers biomarkers of neurodegenerative pathology in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin. Aging Cell. 2023;22(1):e13754. PM… PMID 36448627 | research article |
| 2022 | NAD+ | Freeberg KA, Craighead DH, Martens CR, You Z, Chonchol M, Seals DR. Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation for Treating Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Midlife and Older Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:881703. PMID: 35757350. PMID 35757350 | research article |
| 2021 | NAD+ | Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, Patti GJ, Franczyk MP, Mills KF, Sindelar M, Pietka T, Patterson BW, Imai SI, Klein S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021;372(6547):1224-1229. PMID: 33888596. PMID 33888596 | research article |
| 2019 | NAD+ | Elhassan YS, Kluckova K, Fletcher RS, Schmidt MS, Garten A, Doig CL, Cartwright DM, Oakey L, Burley CV, Jenkinson N, Wilson M, Lucas SJE, Akerman I, Seabright A, Lai YC, Tennant DA, Nightingale P, Wallis GA, Manolopoulos KN, Brenner C, Philp A, Lavery GG. Nicotinamide Riboside A… PMID 31390667 | research article |
| 2018 | NAD+ | Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai SI. NAD+ Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metab. 2018;27(3):513-528. PMID: 29249689. PMID 29249689 | research article |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have Methylene Blue and NAD+ been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of Methylene Blue and NAD+. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do Methylene Blue and NAD+ share?
Methylene Blue and NAD+ do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of Methylene Blue and NAD+?
Methylene Blue: Approved (methemoglobinemia). NAD+: Not approved (IV off-label). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on Methylene Blue and NAD+?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the Methylene Blue profile and the NAD+ profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026