Pair page
Epithalon with Thymosin Alpha-1
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
pineal-tetrapeptide-khavinson-bioregulator
endogenous-thymic-immunomodulator
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1 have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
A common longevity-community pairing. Rationale: Tα1 addresses T-cell maturation and immune competence lost through thymic involution; Epithalon targets pineal / telomerase biology. Evidence for combined use is anecdotal; both have independent mechanistic rationale in immunosenescence.
Quick facts
Epithalon
Thymosin Alpha-1
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Epithalon | Korkushko OV, Khavinson VKh, Shatilo VB, Antonyk-Sheglova IA. Peptide geroprotector Epitalamin: effects on vascular endothelial function in elderly patients. Adv Gerontol. 2010;23(3):440-446. | human study |
| 2004 | Epithalon | Khavinson VKh, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA, Smirnova TD. Peptide promotes overcoming of the division limit in human somatic cell. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2004;137(5):503-506. | human study |
| 2003 | Epithalon | Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233-240. PMID: 14523363. (266-patient elderly mortality cohort.) PMID 14523363 | human study |
| 2021 | Epithalon | Khavinson V, Ilina A, Kraskovskaya N, Linkova N, Kolchina N, Mikhailova N, Petukhov M. Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides-Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(6):515. | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2004 | Epithalon | Labunets IF, Butenko GM, Dragunova VA, Magdich LV, Khavinson VKh. Effect of epithalamin, thymalin, and tocopherol on age-associated involution of the pineal gland in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2004;137(5):510-512. | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2003 | Epithalon | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh, Provinciali M, Alimova IN, Baturin DA, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Imyanitov EN, Mancini R, Franceschi C. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology. 2003;4(4)… PMID 14501183 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2003 | Epithalon | Kossoy G, Zandbank J, Tendler E, Anisimov V, Khavinson V, Popovich I, Zabezhinski M, Zusman I, Ben-Hur H. Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors and mucosa. Int J Mol Med. 2003;12(4):473-477. PMID: 12964019. PMID 12964019 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2025 | Epithalon | Al-Dulaimi MS, et al. Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity. 2025. PMID: 40908429. PMC12411320. (Modern Western-lab replication of the central telomerase-activation claim.) PMID 40908429 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2017 | Epithalon | Khavinson V, Popovich I. Short peptides regulate gene expression, protein synthesis and enhance life span. In: Understanding the Aging Process and Age-Related Diseases. Academic Press; 2017. | mechanism / discovery |
| 2016 | Epithalon | Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Tarnovskaia SI. Short peptides regulate gene expression. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016;162(2):288-292. | mechanism / discovery |
| 2003 | Epithalon | Khavinson VKh, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135(6):590-592. PMID: 12937682. PMID 12937682 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2017 | Epithalon | Khavinson VKh, Kopylov AT, Vaskovsky BV, Ryzhak GA, Lin'kova NS. Identification of peptide AEDG in the polypeptide complex of the pineal gland. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017;164(1):41-43. | bioregulator literature |
| 2009 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Zhang YY, Chen EQ, Yang J, Duan YR, Tang H. Treatment with thymosin alpha-1 for chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat. 2009;16(6):448-458. PMID: 19243498. PMID 19243498 | meta-analysis |
| 2013 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Wu J, Zhou L, Liu J, Ma G, Kou Q, He Z, Chen J, Ou-Yang B, Chen M, Li Y, Wu X, Gu B, Chen L, Zou Z, Qiang X, Chen Y, Lin A, Zhang G, Guan X. The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial. Crit Care. 2013;… PMID 23327199 | human trial |
| 2010 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Maio M, Mackiewicz A, Testori A, Trefzer U, Ferraresi V, Jassem J, Garbe C, Lesimple T, Guillot B, Gascon P, Gilde K, Camerini R, Cognetti F; Italian Melanoma Intergroup. Large randomized study of thymosin alpha 1, interferon alfa, or both in combination with dacarbazine in pati… PMID 20194853 | human trial |
| 2005 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Iino S, Toyota J, Kumada H, Kiyosawa K, Kakumu S, Sata M, Suzuki H, Martins EB. The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B; results from a randomized clinical trial. J Viral Hepat. 2005;12(3):300-306. PMID: 15850471. PMID 15850471 | human trial |
| 1998 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Chien RN, Liaw YF, Chen TJ, Yeh CT, Sheen IS. Efficacy of thymosin alpha1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology. 1998;27(5):1383-1387. PMID: 9581695. PMID 9581695 | human trial |
| 1989 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Gravenstein S, Duthie EH, Miller BA, Roecker E, Drinka P, Prathipati K, Ershler WB. Augmentation of influenza antibody response in elderly men by thymosin alpha one. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1989;37(1):1-8. PMID: 2642485. PMID 2642485 | human trial |
| 2008 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Poo JL, Sánchez Ávila F, Kershenobich D, García Samper X, Torres-Ibarra R, Gongora J, Cano C, Parana R, Wiegand J, Schiff E, Rodriguez V, Uribe M. Triple combination of peginterferon alpha-2a, ribavirin and thymosin alpha-1 as rescue therapy for non-responders and relapsers to p… PMID 19034240 | human study |
| 2003 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Saruc M, Ozden N, Turkel N, Ayhan S, Hock LM, Tuzcuoglu I, Yuceyar H. Long-term outcomes of thymosin-alpha 1 and interferon alpha-2b combination therapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative chronic hepatitis B. J Pharm Sci. 2003;92(7):1386-1395. PMID: 12820143. PMID 12820143 | human study |
| 1977 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Goldstein AL, Low TL, McAdoo M, McClure J, Thurman GB, Rossio J, Lai CY, Chang D, Wang SS, Harvey C, Ramel AH, Meienhofer J. Thymosin α1: isolation and sequence analysis of an immunologically active thymic polypeptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977;74(2):725-729. PMID: 265536. PMID 265536 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2017 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Matteucci C, Grelli S, Balestrieri E, Minutolo A, Argaw-Denboba A, Macchi B, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Perno CF, Mastino A, Garaci E. Thymosin alpha 1 and HIV-1: recent advances and future perspectives. Future Microbiol. 2017;12:141-155. PMID: 28004573. PMID 28004573 | review |
| 2015 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Camerini R, Garaci E. Historical review of thymosin α 1 in infectious diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015;15 Suppl 1:S117-127. PMID: 26098874. PMID 26098874 | review |
| 2019 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | Liu Y, Pan Y, Hu Z, Wu M, Wang C, Feng Z, Mao C, Tan Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Li M, Wang G, Yuan Z, Diao B, Wu Y, Chen Y. Thymosin alpha 1 reduces the mortality of severe coronavirus disease 2019 by restoration of lymphocytopenia and reversion of exhausted T cells. Clin Infect Dis. 202… PMID 32442267 | research article |
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Frequently asked
Have Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1 been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1 share?
Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1 do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1?
Epithalon: Not approved. Thymosin Alpha-1: Not approved (US). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on Epithalon and Thymosin Alpha-1?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the Epithalon profile and the Thymosin Alpha-1 profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026