Pair page
GHK-Cu with Vesugen
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for GHK-Cu and Vesugen, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
connective-tissuecopper-tripeptide-skin
khavinson-short-peptide-bioregulatorvascular
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying GHK-Cu and Vesugen have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
GHK-Cu supports vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and skin/vessel collagen biology through a distinct mechanism. Some practitioners combine with Vesugen for multi-pathway vascular support; combination data is anecdotal.
Quick facts
GHK-Cu
Vesugen
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | GHK-Cu | Buffoni F, Pino R, Dal Pozzo A. Effect of tripeptide-copper complexes on the process of healing of cutaneous wounds in mice. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1995;330(3):345-360. PMID: 9060874. PMID 9060874 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 1993 | GHK-Cu | Maquart FX, Bellon G, Chaqour B, Wegrowski J, Patt LM, Trachy RE, et al. In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ in rat experimental wounds. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(5):2368-2376. PMID: 8227353. PMID 8227353 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2011 | GHK-Cu | Hostynek JJ, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer. Inflamm Res. 2011;60(1):79-86. PMID: 20835751. PMID 20835751 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2007 | GHK-Cu | Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, Eun HC, Cho KH, Kim KH. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res. 2007;30(7):834-839. PMID: 17702486. PMID 17702486 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 1988 | GHK-Cu | Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺. FEBS Lett. 1988;238(2):343-346. PMID: 3169264. PMID 3169264 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2017 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sci. 2017;7(2):20. PMID: 28212278. PMID 28212278 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2012 | GHK-Cu | Campbell JD, McDonough JE, Zeskind JE, Hackett TL, Pechkovsky DV, Brandsma CA, et al. A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. Genome Med. 2012;4(8):67. PMID: 22937864. PMID 22937864 | mechanism / discovery |
| 1973 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Thaler MM. Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver. Nat New Biol. 1973;243(124):85-87. PMID: 4351857. (Original discovery publication.) PMID 4351857 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2026 | GHK-Cu | WADA Prohibited List 2026. World Anti-Doping Agency. wada-ama.org. | regulatory / registry |
| 2025 | GHK-Cu | FDA. Bulk Drug Substances That Raise Significant Safety Risks (Category 2) Under Section 503A / 503B. FDA.gov. Updated 2025-2026. | regulatory / registry |
| 2018 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. PMID: 29986520. doi:10.3390/ijms19071987. (Comprehensive modern review.) PMID 29986520 | research article |
| 2015 | GHK-Cu | Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. PMID: 26236730. PMID 26236730 | research article |
| 2021 | Vesugen | Khavinson VKh, Popovich IG, Linkova NS, Mironova ES, Ilina AR. Peptide regulation of gene expression: a systematic review. Molecules. 2021;26(22):7053. PMID: 34834146. PMID 34834146 | systematic review |
| 2016 | Vesugen | Linkova NS, Drobintseva AO, Orlova OA, Kuznetsova EP, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Khavinson VKh. Peptide regulation of skin fibroblast functions during their aging in vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016;161(1):175-178. PMID: 27265131. PMID 27265131 | preclinical, in vitro |
| 2016 | Vesugen | Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Tarnovskaya SI. Short peptides regulate gene expression. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016;162(2):288-292. PMID: 27905024. PMID 27905024 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2014 | Vesugen | Khavinson VKh, Tendler SM, Vanyushin BF, Kasyanenko NA, Kvetnoy IM, Linkova NS, et al. Peptide regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis in bronchial epithelium. Lung. 2014;192(5):781-791. PMID: 24920421. PMID 24920421 | mechanism / discovery |
| 2025 | Vesugen | World Anti-Doping Agency. 2025 WADA Prohibited List. WADA, 2025. | regulatory / registry |
| 2022 | Vesugen | Khavinson V, Linkova N, Umnov R. Peptide KED: biological activity and mechanisms of action. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(2):852. (KED sequence biology review.) | bioregulator literature |
| 2013 | Vesugen | Khavinson VKh, Kuznik BI, Ryzhak GA. Peptide bioregulators: a new class of geroprotectors. Report 1. Adv Gerontol. 2013;3(2):83-93. | bioregulator literature |
| 2013 | Vesugen | Linkova NS, Kuznik BI, Khavinson VKh. Peptide bioregulators in vascular aging. Advances in Gerontology. 2013;3(4):267-273. | bioregulator literature |
| 2012 | Vesugen | Kuznik BI, Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS. Heat shock proteins, peptide bioregulators, and aging. Adv Gerontol. 2012;25(3):371-380. | bioregulator literature |
| 2010 | Vesugen | Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology. 2010;11(2):139-149. PMID: 19609712. PMID 19609712 | bioregulator literature |
| 2005 | Vesugen | Khavinson VKh, Malinin VV. Gerontological Aspects of Genome Peptide Regulation. Karger, Basel, 2005. | bioregulator literature |
| 2003 | Vesugen | Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233-240. PMID: 14523363. PMID 14523363 | bioregulator literature |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have GHK-Cu and Vesugen been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of GHK-Cu and Vesugen. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do GHK-Cu and Vesugen share?
GHK-Cu and Vesugen do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of GHK-Cu and Vesugen?
GHK-Cu: Cosmetic ingredient; Category 2 for injection. Vesugen: Not approved. FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on GHK-Cu and Vesugen?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the GHK-Cu profile and the Vesugen profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026