Pair page
PT-141 with Testosterone
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for PT-141 and Testosterone, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
melanocortin-receptor-agonist
androgenprimary-male-sex-hormone
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying PT-141 and Testosterone have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Central CNS arousal pathway for men whose libido does not normalize on TRT alone. Different mechanism (MC4R central arousal vs androgen receptor peripheral).
Quick facts
PT-141
Testosterone
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | PT-141 | Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, et al. Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide. J Sex Med. 2022. PMID: 35230162. PMID 35230162 | human trial, Phase 3 |
| 2019 | PT-141 | Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. PMID: 31599840. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003500. PMID 31599840 | human trial, Phase 3 |
| 2021 | PT-141 | Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, et al. The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021. PMID: 33538638. PMID 33538638 | human trial |
| 2016 | PT-141 | Clayton AH, Althof SE, Kingsberg S, DeRogatis LR, Kroll R, Goldstein I, Kaminetsky J, Spana C, Lucas J, Jordan R, Portman DJ. Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial. Womens Health (Lond). 2016;12(3… | human trial |
| 2008 | PT-141 | Rosen RC, Diamond LE, Earle DC, Shadiack AM. Salvage of Sildenafil Failures With Bremelanotide: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study. J Urol. 2008;179(3):1060-1066. | human trial |
| — | PT-141 | ClinicalTrials.gov. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (RECONNECT 301). NCT02338960. | human trial |
| 2004 | PT-141 | Rosen RC, Diamond LE, Earle DC, Shadiack AM, Molinoff PB. Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra… PMID 14999221 | human study |
| 2003 | PT-141 | Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE, Quon CY. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102. PMID: 12851303. PMID 12851303 | human study |
| 2004 | PT-141 | Pfaus JG, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, Tse M, Molinoff P. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(27):10201-10204. PMID: 15226502. PMID 15226502 | preclinical, in vivo |
| 2019 | PT-141 | US Food and Drug Administration. VYLEESI (bremelanotide injection) prescribing information. 2019. Reference ID: 4436693. | regulatory / registry |
| 2022 | PT-141 | Clayton AH, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Sadiq A, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022;31(2):171-182. PMID: 35147466. PMID 35147466 | research article |
| 2019 | PT-141 | Dhillon S, Keam SJ. Bremelanotide: First Approval. Drugs. 2019;79(14):1599-1606. PMID: 31429064. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-019-01187-w. PMID 31429064 | research article |
| 2007 | Testosterone | Haddad RM, Kennedy CC, Caples SM, Tracz MJ, Boloña ER, Sideras K, Uraga MV, Erwin PJ, Montori VM. Testosterone and cardiovascular risk in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82(1):29-39. PMID: 17285783. PMID 17285783 | systematic review |
| 2015 | Testosterone | Kaminetsky J, Jaffe JS, Swerdloff RS. Pharmacokinetic Profile of Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate Delivered via a Novel, Prefilled Single-Use Autoinjector: A Phase II Study. Sex Med. 2015;3(4):269-279. PMID: 26797061. PMC4721027. PMID 26797061 | human trial, Phase 2 |
| 2018 | Testosterone | Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Hodis HN, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, Wu FC, Yialamas MA. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715-1744. PMID: 29562364. PMID 29562364 | human study |
| 2013 | Testosterone | Finkelstein JS, Lee H, Burnett-Bowie SA, Pallais JC, Yu EW, Borges LF, Jones BF, Barry CV, Wulczyn KE, Thomas BJ, Leder BZ. Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(11):1011-1022. PMID: 24024838. PMID 24024838 | human study |
| 2008 | Testosterone | Coviello AD, Kaplan B, Lakshman KM, Chen T, Singh AB, Bhasin S. Effects of graded doses of testosterone on erythropoiesis in healthy young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(3):914-919. PMID: 18160461. PMID 18160461 | human study |
| 2001 | Testosterone | Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR; Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(2):724-731. PMID: 11158037. PMID 11158037 | human study |
| 2025 | Testosterone | WADA. 2025 Prohibited List. Section S1 — Anabolic Agents. World Anti-Doping Agency. | regulatory / registry |
| 2023 | Testosterone | Lincoff AM, Bhasin S, Flevaris P, Mitchell LM, Basaria S, Boden WE, Cunningham GR, Granger CB, Khera M, Thompson IM Jr, Wang Q, Wolski K, Davey D, Kalahasti V, Khan N, Miller MG, Snabes MC, Chan A, Dubcenco E, Li X, Yi T, Huang B, Pencina KM, Travison TG, Nissen SE; TRAVERSE Stu… PMID 37326322 | research article |
| 2018 | Testosterone | Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, Kurtz EG, Redmon JB, Chiles KA, Lightner DJ, Miner MM, Murad MH, Nelson CJ, Platz EA, Ramanathan LV, Lewis RW. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(2):423-432. PMID: 29601923. PMID 29601923 | research article |
| 2016 | Testosterone | Snyder PJ, Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, et al. Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(7):611-624. PMID: 26886521. PMID 26886521 | research article |
| 2016 | Testosterone | Morgentaler A, Zitzmann M, Traish AM, Fox AW, Jones TH, Maggi M, Arver S, Aversa A, Chan JC, Dobs AS, Hackett GI, Hellstrom WJ, Lim P, Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Schulman CC, Torres LO. Fundamental Concepts Regarding Testosterone Deficiency and Treatment: International Expert Con… PMID 27313122 | research article |
| 2016 | Testosterone | Shoskes JJ, Wilson MK, Spinner ML. Pharmacology of testosterone replacement therapy preparations. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5(6):834-843. PMID: 28078214. PMID 28078214 | research article |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have PT-141 and Testosterone been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of PT-141 and Testosterone. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do PT-141 and Testosterone share?
PT-141 and Testosterone do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of PT-141 and Testosterone?
PT-141: Approved 2019 (HSDD). Testosterone: Approved (multiple formulations). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on PT-141 and Testosterone?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the PT-141 profile and the Testosterone profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026