Pair page
HCG with Insulin
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for HCG and Insulin, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
HCG unique
glycoprotein-gonadotropinlh-analog
Shared
hormone
Insulin unique
pancreatic-peptide-hormone
Quick facts
HCG
RouteSubQ / IM
Half-life~24–36 hours (biological)
FDA statusApproved (hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, infertility)
WADABanned in males (S2)
Insulin
RouteSubQ (primary) / IV / inhaled
Half-life~4 min endogenous; hours for analogs
FDA statusApproved (1923 animal; 1982 rDNA)
WADAProhibited (S4)
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | HCG | Rastrelli G, Corona G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Factors affecting spermatogenesis upon gonadotropin-replacement therapy: a meta-analytic study. Andrology. 2014;2(6):794-808. PMID: 25099686. (Meta-analysis of spermatogenesis response to gonadotropin replacement — relevant to hCG/FSH… PMID 25099686 | meta-analysis |
| 2018 | HCG | Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Hodis HN, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, Wu FC, Yialamas MA. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715-1744. PMID: 29562364. (Soc… PMID 29562364 | human study |
| 2013 | HCG | Hsieh TC, Pastuszak AW, Hwang K, Lipshultz LI. Concomitant intramuscular human chorionic gonadotropin preserves spermatogenesis in men undergoing testosterone replacement therapy. J Urol. 2013;189(2):647-650. PMID: 23260550. PMID 23260550 | human study |
| 2013 | HCG | Kaminetsky J, Werner M, Fontenot G, Wiehle RD. Oral enclomiphene citrate stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and sperm counts in men with low testosterone: comparison with testosterone gel. J Sex Med. 2013;10(6):1628-1635. PMID: 23530575. (Adjacent SERM-based ax… PMID 23530575 | human study |
| 2026 | HCG | WADA. 2026 World Anti-Doping Code Prohibited List. Section S2 — Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances, and mimetics. World Anti-Doping Agency. (hCG specifically prohibited in males.) | regulatory / registry |
| 2000 | HCG | U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Ovidrel (choriogonadotropin alfa) Prescribing Information. EMD Serono. First approved 2000. | regulatory / registry |
| — | HCG | U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pregnyl (chorionic gonadotropin) Prescribing Information. Organon USA Inc. | regulatory / registry |
| — | HCG | U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Novarel (chorionic gonadotropin) Prescribing Information. Ferring Pharmaceuticals. | regulatory / registry |
| 2018 | HCG | Lee JA, Ramasamy R. Indications for the use of human chorionic gonadotropic hormone for the management of infertility in hypogonadal men. Transl Androl Urol. 2018;7(Suppl 3):S348-S352. PMID: 30050800. PMID 30050800 | research article |
| 2017 | HCG | Shiraishi K, Matsuyama H. Gonadotoropin actions on spermatogenesis and hormonal therapies for spermatogenic disorders. Endocr J. 2017;64(2):123-131. PMID: 28100858. PMID 28100858 | research article |
| 2015 | HCG | Ramasamy R, Armstrong JM, Lipshultz LI. Preserving fertility in the hypogonadal patient: an update. Asian J Androl. 2015;17(2):197-200. PMID: 25652635. PMID 25652635 | research article |
| 2013 | HCG | Crosnoe LE, Grober E, Ohl D, Kim ED. Exogenous testosterone: a preventable cause of male infertility. Transl Androl Urol. 2013;2(2):106-113. PMID: 26813847. (Mechanism and clinical framing of TRT-induced infertility and hCG-based prevention.) PMID 26813847 | research article |
| 2003 | Insulin | Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3080-3086. PMID: 14578243. PMID 14578243 | human trial |
| 1998 | Insulin | UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-853. PMID: 9742976. PMID 9742976 | human study |
| 1997 | Insulin | Anderson JH Jr, Brunelle RL, Koivisto VA, et al. Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia and frequency of hypoglycemia in IDDM patients on insulin-analog treatment. Multicenter Insulin Lispro Study Group. Diabetes. 1997;46(2):265-270. PMID: 9000704. PMID 9000704 | human study |
| 1993 | Insulin | The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-986. PMID: 8366922. PMID 8366922 | human study |
| — | Insulin | Banting FG, investigated CH. The internal secretion of the pancreas. J Lab Clin Med. 1922;7(5):251-266. (Foundational discovery of insulin.) | mechanism / discovery |
| 2026 | Insulin | World Anti-Doping Agency. 2026 Prohibited List — Section S4: Hormone and Metabolic Modulators. wada-ama.org. | regulatory / registry |
| — | Insulin | U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Humulin, Humalog, Novolog, Lantus, Toujeo, Levemir, Tresiba prescribing information. FDA.gov. | regulatory / registry |
| 2020 | Insulin | Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, et al. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm — 2020 executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(1):107-139.… PMID 32022600 | research article |
| 2017 | Insulin | Marso SP, McGuire DK, Zinman B, et al; DEVOTE Study Group. Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(8):723-732. PMID: 28605603. PMID 28605603 | research article |
| 2012 | Insulin | Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, et al; ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(4):319-328. PMID: 22686416. PMID 22686416 | research article |
| 2009 | Insulin | Dandona P, Chaudhuri A, Ghanim H, Mohanty P. Insulin as an anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic modulator. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(5 Suppl):S14-S20. PMID: 19179212. PMID 19179212 | research article |
| 2008 | Insulin | Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577-1589. PMID: 18784090. (UKPDS legacy follow-up.) PMID 18784090 | research article |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have HCG and Insulin been studied together?
No co-administration studies between HCG and Insulin are catalogued on Kalios. The pair page lists only the individual published literature for each compound and any shared mechanism tags.
What mechanisms do HCG and Insulin share?
HCG and Insulin share these mechanism tags on their Kalios profiles: hormone. Tags are descriptive and verbatim from each compound profile — not an inference of combined effect.
What is the FDA status of HCG and Insulin?
HCG: Approved (hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, infertility). Insulin: Approved (1923 animal; 1982 rDNA). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on HCG and Insulin?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the HCG profile and the Insulin profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026