Pair page
Insulin with Testosterone
Mechanism-tag overlap and published literature for Insulin and Testosterone, pulled verbatim from each Kalios compound profile. Kalios is a literature reference, not a recommendation.
Mechanism overlap
Mechanism tags are verbatim labels on each compound's profile. Generic tags ("peptide", "small-molecule", "research-chemical") are excluded from this overlap view. Tags are descriptive — not an inference about combined effect.
hormonepancreatic-peptide-hormone
androgenprimary-male-sex-hormone
Co-administration notes from the literature
Verbatim summary text pulled from each compound's profile data. Researchers studying Insulin and Testosterone have published these mechanism-level observations. Not a co-administration recommendation.
Testosterone improves insulin sensitivity; the combination is used in bodybuilding contexts. Does not reduce hypoglycemia risk; does not confer safety to non-medical insulin use.
Quick facts
Insulin
Testosterone
Literature table
Classified references from each compound profile. Click a column header to sort. Click a PMID to open PubMed. Findings are quoted verbatim from each profile's literature_summary; nothing here is added or interpreted.
| Year | Compound | Source | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | Insulin | Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3080-3086. PMID: 14578243. PMID 14578243 | human trial |
| 1998 | Insulin | UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-853. PMID: 9742976. PMID 9742976 | human study |
| 1997 | Insulin | Anderson JH Jr, Brunelle RL, Koivisto VA, et al. Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia and frequency of hypoglycemia in IDDM patients on insulin-analog treatment. Multicenter Insulin Lispro Study Group. Diabetes. 1997;46(2):265-270. PMID: 9000704. PMID 9000704 | human study |
| 1993 | Insulin | The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-986. PMID: 8366922. PMID 8366922 | human study |
| — | Insulin | Banting FG, investigated CH. The internal secretion of the pancreas. J Lab Clin Med. 1922;7(5):251-266. (Foundational discovery of insulin.) | mechanism / discovery |
| 2026 | Insulin | World Anti-Doping Agency. 2026 Prohibited List — Section S4: Hormone and Metabolic Modulators. wada-ama.org. | regulatory / registry |
| — | Insulin | U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Humulin, Humalog, Novolog, Lantus, Toujeo, Levemir, Tresiba prescribing information. FDA.gov. | regulatory / registry |
| 2020 | Insulin | Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, et al. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm — 2020 executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(1):107-139.… PMID 32022600 | research article |
| 2017 | Insulin | Marso SP, McGuire DK, Zinman B, et al; DEVOTE Study Group. Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(8):723-732. PMID: 28605603. PMID 28605603 | research article |
| 2012 | Insulin | Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, et al; ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(4):319-328. PMID: 22686416. PMID 22686416 | research article |
| 2009 | Insulin | Dandona P, Chaudhuri A, Ghanim H, Mohanty P. Insulin as an anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic modulator. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(5 Suppl):S14-S20. PMID: 19179212. PMID 19179212 | research article |
| 2008 | Insulin | Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577-1589. PMID: 18784090. (UKPDS legacy follow-up.) PMID 18784090 | research article |
| 2007 | Testosterone | Haddad RM, Kennedy CC, Caples SM, Tracz MJ, Boloña ER, Sideras K, Uraga MV, Erwin PJ, Montori VM. Testosterone and cardiovascular risk in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82(1):29-39. PMID: 17285783. PMID 17285783 | systematic review |
| 2015 | Testosterone | Kaminetsky J, Jaffe JS, Swerdloff RS. Pharmacokinetic Profile of Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate Delivered via a Novel, Prefilled Single-Use Autoinjector: A Phase II Study. Sex Med. 2015;3(4):269-279. PMID: 26797061. PMC4721027. PMID 26797061 | human trial, Phase 2 |
| 2018 | Testosterone | Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Hodis HN, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, Wu FC, Yialamas MA. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715-1744. PMID: 29562364. PMID 29562364 | human study |
| 2013 | Testosterone | Finkelstein JS, Lee H, Burnett-Bowie SA, Pallais JC, Yu EW, Borges LF, Jones BF, Barry CV, Wulczyn KE, Thomas BJ, Leder BZ. Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(11):1011-1022. PMID: 24024838. PMID 24024838 | human study |
| 2008 | Testosterone | Coviello AD, Kaplan B, Lakshman KM, Chen T, Singh AB, Bhasin S. Effects of graded doses of testosterone on erythropoiesis in healthy young and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(3):914-919. PMID: 18160461. PMID 18160461 | human study |
| 2001 | Testosterone | Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR; Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(2):724-731. PMID: 11158037. PMID 11158037 | human study |
| 2025 | Testosterone | WADA. 2025 Prohibited List. Section S1 — Anabolic Agents. World Anti-Doping Agency. | regulatory / registry |
| 2023 | Testosterone | Lincoff AM, Bhasin S, Flevaris P, Mitchell LM, Basaria S, Boden WE, Cunningham GR, Granger CB, Khera M, Thompson IM Jr, Wang Q, Wolski K, Davey D, Kalahasti V, Khan N, Miller MG, Snabes MC, Chan A, Dubcenco E, Li X, Yi T, Huang B, Pencina KM, Travison TG, Nissen SE; TRAVERSE Stu… PMID 37326322 | research article |
| 2018 | Testosterone | Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, Kurtz EG, Redmon JB, Chiles KA, Lightner DJ, Miner MM, Murad MH, Nelson CJ, Platz EA, Ramanathan LV, Lewis RW. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(2):423-432. PMID: 29601923. PMID 29601923 | research article |
| 2016 | Testosterone | Snyder PJ, Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, et al. Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(7):611-624. PMID: 26886521. PMID 26886521 | research article |
| 2016 | Testosterone | Morgentaler A, Zitzmann M, Traish AM, Fox AW, Jones TH, Maggi M, Arver S, Aversa A, Chan JC, Dobs AS, Hackett GI, Hellstrom WJ, Lim P, Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Schulman CC, Torres LO. Fundamental Concepts Regarding Testosterone Deficiency and Treatment: International Expert Con… PMID 27313122 | research article |
| 2016 | Testosterone | Shoskes JJ, Wilson MK, Spinner ML. Pharmacology of testosterone replacement therapy preparations. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5(6):834-843. PMID: 28078214. PMID 28078214 | research article |
Related pair pages
More research context
Frequently asked
Have Insulin and Testosterone been studied together?
Researchers have published mechanistic-level co-administration discussion of Insulin and Testosterone. No human co-administration trials are catalogued in the Kalios profiles. The pair page lists each compound's classified literature; full citations sit on each individual profile.
What mechanisms do Insulin and Testosterone share?
Insulin and Testosterone do not share a specific mechanism tag on their Kalios profiles. They appear on the same pair page because at least one profile lists the other in its co-administration data.
What is the FDA status of Insulin and Testosterone?
Insulin: Approved (1923 animal; 1982 rDNA). Testosterone: Approved (multiple formulations). FDA-status text is pulled verbatim from each compound profile. See /fda-pcac-2026.html for the broader FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee context.
Where can I find the full research on Insulin and Testosterone?
Full citation lists, dosing tables from the literature, reconstitution data, and the FDA / WADA status are on the individual compound profiles: the Insulin profile and the Testosterone profile. The Kalios Stack Research Tool hub lists every compound covered.
Last updated: April 2026